BTVET in Uganda

BTVET in Uganda AN INVESTIGATIVE STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING ENROLMENT AND COMPLETION RATES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING (BTVET) IN UGANDA Presentation This examination endeavors to lead an examination of the components influencing enrolment and finishing rates inside the Business, Technical Vocational Education and Training (BTVET) foundations in Uganda. The examination covers a time of ten years (between 1999 to 2009), judiciously settled on as it was during this time when the administration Implemented significant changes inside the training arrangement of the nation, because of the Education Review Commission (1989). It will be noticed that 1999 falls two years shy of the real time (1997) when the administration executed Universal Primary Education (UPE) allowed to four offspring of each Ugandan family in the nation a stage towards meeting Education for all (EFA) continuously 2012 as one of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) in the nation. The investigation happens over ten years down the line since the initiation of UPE and three years after Universal Secondary Education (USE) programs. While numerous grade schools are as y et battling with the convergence of understudies who might somehow or another have gotten no opportunity of getting formal rudimentary instruction on the off chance that it were not for UPE and USE, this creator tries to research whether the execution of these projects has in any capacity had any kind of effect to people groups perspectives towards training when all is said in done and professional training specifically. The examination looks to explore the pattern of enrolment and consummation in establishments of higher learning and specifically those in the Business, Technical, Vocational Education and Training (BTVET) segment during when Education For All (EFA) constantly 2012, has been on the plan as one of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDG) for creating nations. The UPE program took off in the midst of a flood of issues including boundless open analysis coming about because of the at first lackluster showing of run of the mill UPE schools in the nation. Among the issues that vowed this program from the very beginning was the issue of clog of the accessible homerooms. In light of the UPE program numerous schools revealed overpowering enrolments prompting a flood of the until now non school going kids. This turned into a reason for worry because of the overstretched existing offices inside schools. Despite the deficient conditions under which a portion of the schools worked, and while a few schools were all the while mourning the absence of room and lacking offices, it was about this time the administration made great its subsequent guarantee with respect to free training and presented the Universal Secondary Education, (USE) free for all. The program, which began in 2007, was acquainted along these lines with UPE ten years sooner. Comparable it might be said that the program was not well arranged for as it was begun inside the current school framework and with a similar labor. Three years down the line in any case, reports from the media and proof from schools imply that the USE program has created expanded paces of enrolment in optional schools constantly since it was begun. It is the presumption of this creator that if these changes in the training division have so far been an example of overcoming adversity they could similarly affect people groups mentalities with respect to instruction by and large and professional instruction specifically, and it is from the aftereffects of this examination that this reality will be completely settled. It is on this premise among different variables that this creator is to direct an investigation of the rates at which understudies enlist and complete their courses giving specific consideration to such factors as cause them to drop out and what to do about it. It is imperative to note now anyway that in as much as both essential and auxiliary instruction have been made all inclusive there are as yet numerous offspring of school going age that are not in school, leaving us with questions requesting answers concerning why this is so. There are numerous kids seen hanging about on roads while others resort to early relationships and additionally youth work. A ton of youngsters who dont go to class are found in the towns which are the focal point of action for most families who live on resource cultivating. Foundations for this can be various, anyway let it get the job done to say now that this sort of circumstance is at the focal point of this studys examination. While there is no enactment on school going age in the nation general instruction has so far not been made necessary. This has given a few guardians the opportunity as well as has by and large added to getting numerous youngsters far from schools since there is no responsibility to an y neighborhood expert for not sending kids to class. With such huge numbers of youngsters experiencing childhood in a situation where a decent piece of the populace either ignore the significance of training or believes it to be past their scope, it is essential to examine whether this conveys any criticalness as far as impact to the understudies who pick to proceed with instruction in foundations of higher learning. While the inclination of dropping out of schools can be followed in all divisions of instruction in the nation, it is critical to explore the rate at which it is occurring. Since the administration set up the Special Educational Policy Review Commission (1989), a portion of its outcomes have been acknowledged in the administration white paper on training, notwithstanding UPE and USE. There is need accordingly to research further the changes on instructive projects achieved because of the activity of this commission and how these effect on enrolment and consummation rate s. Destinations OF THE STUDY 1. To set up factors that impact understudies to join foundations of higher learning. 2. To explore how the projects on offer inside the establishments of higher adapting especially in the BTVET area address business issues of youngsters 3. The investigation will try to build up the pattern of execution in the BTVET foundations by contrasting the quantity of understudies that at first enlist and the number that finish their a multi year courses, taking note of any incongruities assuming any, over a time of ten years. 4. A cross area of school drop outs will be found and met to build up reasons why they neglected to finish their courses. 5. A cross segment of understudies in the last year of their courses will likewise be met to set up factors that rouse them to finish their courses. 6. To study and draw models from creating nations just as created European nations for reasons for looking into the BTVET circumstance on ground in Uganda. It is the perspective on this creator that analyzing frameworks will give a more extensive viewpoint about how BTVET courses are educated somewhere else in relationship whatever is on the ground. 7. To lead a survey of the writing that investigates training as rehearsed throughout the entire existence of the African conventional society the setting where formal instruction can be valued and polished to assist networks (ref). 8. To direct a concise investigation of the current changes inside the British arrangement of instruction for instance of a framework that is continually changing trying to coordinate needs of youngsters in a created nation. Political/Economic foundation to the Problem Uganda is a land-bolted nation, which lies over the equator in the core of Africa, covering 241,139 square kilometers, 17% of which is water. The majority of the nation lies between 900-2000 meters above ocean level, which causes it to appreciate a by and large gentle tropical atmosphere with temperatures extending somewhere in the range of 17â ºc and 28â ºc with the normal precipitation of around 1500 mm p.a. The equivalent altitudinal varieties empower Uganda grow a wide scope of resource and money crops for the nation. With a populace, which is currently evaluated to be 24.4 Million, Uganda has a yearly development pace of 3.3% and a thickness of 124 people for every square kilometer. Females comprise about 51.2% of the populace as per the 2002 National Population and Housing Census. 10 years after Uganda achieved autonomy in 1962 a time of political shakiness was experienced, (1970-1979) which prompted genuine financial and political decay. During this period gifted labor including countless experts fled the nation looking for political and monetary asylum. Because of this the greater part of the foundation for ventures, instruction, transport and other assistance segments were scarcely fixed or kept up with numerous thus falling into decrease. The countrys development in all segments including that of the professional instruction and preparing was unfavorably influenced and the requirement for monetary and social restoration both as far as framework just as open mentalities towards training programs was more grounded than at any other time. Studies inside the service of instruction and the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), demonstrate that this circumstance seems to have improved in the previous twenty years during which time a great deal of changes have been achieved by the current system. The current arrangement of training in Uganda is designed after the model of the British arrangement of instruction acquired after the nation accomplished her political autonomy in 1962(ref). This arrangement of training was initially intended to deliver graduates with an inclination towards secretarial and authoritative jobs(ibid). This is on the grounds that the fundamental motivation behind training during the frontier days was to give work force to administration to the pioneer ace (ref). The framework had no tendency towards rustic turn of events in spite of the fact that administration strategy accentuated change of the nation side(ibid). The instructive framework proceeded to over-flexibly adolescents with absolutely scholastic kind of training while deficiencies of specific reasonable preparing endured. Because of this pattern when the

Indo-Anglican Novel: Meena Shirwadkar Essay examples -- indian women

With the coming of the twentieth century, the adjustment in the sculpture and soul of ladies has been noted by sociologists. In post-autonomy India, when women’s instruction initiated, life had begun evolving. The spread of instruction instilled a feeling of uniqueness among ladies and stimulated an enthusiasm for their privileges. The early journalists introduced the customary kind (sita) however the scholars attempted to show the rising new lady. The new lady wouldn't like to lead a latent wedded existence of a conciliatory and shadowy animal in light of the fact that the instruction has developed her feeling of independence. R.K.Narayanan depicts a wide scope of ladylike characters from traditional to insubordinate. Mulk Raj Anand composed for the liberation of ladies. In addition women's activist patterns showed up not too far off and they collided with the regular good code. The picture of lady in writing in ongoing decades is unique in relation to that of the past. India n English fiction authors during the most recent two many years of the twentieth century give a brief look into the female mind and manage a full scope of ladylike experience. An investigation of the ongoing Indian English fiction uncovers that the female heroes are very aware of their personality and are not, at this point docile and accommodating. There is a checked contrast in their disposition when contrasted with the depiction of lady in early writing. In ‘Images of lady in Indo-Anglican Novel’, Meena Shirwadkar claims the adjustments in Indian culture. Books have begun to advance from delineating ladies characters exclusively as exemplifications of anguish and womanly uprightness as depicting increasingly mind boggling just as genuine characters. In the ongoing years, this was taken to comprehend that composing was the main inclination made by ladies. Thereby of ex... ...ndian ladies authors advocates freedom and emphaticness of ladies by portraying their characters as survivors who effectively bear torment both physical and enthusiastic. They should speak more loudly against the brutalities and viciousness which is brought about by the general public. They will in general reprimand the male overwhelming society which debilitates independence in ladies. Works Cited: Seshadri, Vijayalakshmi. The New ladies in India-English Women Writers Since the 1970. Delhi: B.R. Distributing Corporation. 1995. Lakshmi C.S. The Face behind the veil : Women in Tamil writing, Stosius Inc/Advent Books Division ,1984. Shirwadkar, Meena. ‘Image of Woman in Indo-Anglican Novel’, Sterling Publishers Pvt., Ltd., 1979. Dhawan, R.K. ed ‘Indian Literature Today’. New Delhi: Prestige Books, 1994. Iyengar, K. R. S. ‘Indian Writing in English’ , New Delhi : Sterling Publication, 1985.

The circle of joy

The circle of joy And old story tells that one day, a countryman knocked hard on a monastery door. When the monk tending the gates opened up, he was given a magnificent bunch of grapes. Brother, these are the finest my vineyard has produced. I’ve come to bear them as a gift. Thank you! I will take them to the Abbot immediately, he’ll be delighted with this offering. No! I brought them for you. For whenever I knock on the door, it is you opens it. When I needed help because the crop was destroyed by drought, you gave me a piece of bread and a cup of wine every day.The monk held the grapes and spent the entire morning admiring it. And decided to deliver the gift to the Abbot, who had always encouraged him with words of wisdom.The Abbot was very pleased with the grapes, but he recalled that there was a sick brother in the monastery, and thought:I’ll give him the grapes. Who knows, they may bring some joy to his life.And that is what he did. But the grapes didn’t stay in the sick monk’s room f or long, for he reflected:The cook has looked after me for so long, feeding me only the best meals. I’m sure he will enjoy these.The cook was amazed at the beauty of the grapes. So perfect that no one would appreciate them more than the sexton; many at the monastery considered him a holy man, he would be best qualified to value this marvel of nature.The sexton, in turn, gave the grapes as a gift to the youngest novice, that he might understand that the work of God is in the smallest details of Creation. When the novice received them, he remembered the first time he came to the monastery, and of the person who had opened the gates for him; it was that gesture which allowed him to be among this community of people who knew how to value the wonders of life.And so, just before nightfall, he took the grapes to the monk at the gates. Eat and enjoy them â€" he said. â€" For you spend most of your time alone here, and these grapes will make you very happy.The monk understood that the gift had been truly destined for him, and relished each of the grapes, before falling into a pleasant sleep.Thus the circle was closed; the circle of happiness and joy, which always shines brightly around generous people.Unknown Author Submitted by Elizabeth

Evaluation Of A Project Management - 1202 Words

Project Management For this Running Case, we are Checking and controlling procedures measure progress toward the task goals, screen deviation from the arrangement, and make a restorative move to match pace with the agreement. Execution reports are primary yields of observing and controlling. The project manager ought to be watching advance intently to guarantee that deliverables are being finished, targets are being met. The project manager must work intimately with the venture group and different partners and take suitable activities to keep the undertaking running efficiently. The perfect result of the observing and controlling procedure group is to complete a delivering so as to undertake effectively the settled upon venture scope†¦show more content†¦It s the establishment for whatever is left of the task. It depicts the undertaking and is utilized to get common assertion among the partners about the degree. The Scope Statement apparently represents what the result of the venture will be. Step 5: Develop scope standard. Once the deliverables are affirmed in the Scope Statement, they should be created into a work breakdown structure (WBS), which is a disintegration of the considerable number of deliverables in the task. Step 6: Develop strides included in adding to the schedules and cost baselines. Step 7: Create management plans. Once the degree, calendar, and cost baselines have been built up, you can make the strides the group will take to oversee fluctuations to these arrangements Step 8: Develop the staffing plant. The staffing plan is a graph that demonstrates the time periods, generally a month, and a quarter, a year that every asset will go onto and leave the task. It is like other undertaking administration graphs, similar to a Gantt diagram, however, does not indicate errands, gauges, start and end dates, or the basic way. [2] Step 9: Testing: Testing is imperative to measure as it is helpful to eliminate all bugs Step 10: Training: Users or customers are required to train. Some audios, as well as videos, need to be created to educate the user. Project Scope: To add an entirely functioning website and test it four events in four differentShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of A Project Management1897 Words   |  8 PagesOversight in Project Management Donald L. Thornton Jr. INF410: Project Management Instructor: Dr. Kevin Kuznia 02/13/2017 Although it may be temporary, a project is an exclusive endeavor initiated with a defined start and finish point and a set number of tasks that need to be completed to reach a possible set or unset finishing date. In project management, we carry out a group of tasks with a defined set of skills, capabilities, and philosophy acquired over a set period, whileRead MoreEvaluation Of A Project On Project Management847 Words   |  4 Pagescollection of strategic methods that focus on how to plan, perform and complete certain projects. It has a conductive approach which depends on the conditions of different projects(Marchewka, 2003). Role of the Methodologies in Project Management: It suggests variations, tools and techniques, analyzation to accomplish the projects(Marchewka, 2003). It designs a plan to fulfill the project and product life cycles(Marchewka, 2003). Methodologies enable the sponsors, team membersRead MoreEvaluation Of A Project Management Essay1388 Words   |  6 PagesIn project management, there are many different to methods to handle how the project should be completed, how an ethical situation should be handled, what types of decisions should be made, how much knowledge the project management should possess, their focus of completing the job on budget and on schedule and understand the scope, as well as knowing how to communicate. When I completed OGL 320: Foundations of Project Management, I understood the hard work the project management had to endure toRead MoreEvaluation Of A Project Management Essay1293 Words   |  6 Pagesmethods that will get a project completed. Some projects failed due poor planning or poor decision making by the project manager. However, according to Harold Kerzner, â€Å"Today, excellent companies realize that project failures have more to do with behavioral shortcomings – poor employee morale, negative human relations, low productivity, and lack of commitment.† (377). Today, project managers are to focus on situational leadership, which is known to be effective in project management. Situational leadershipRead MoreEvaluation Of A Project Management Organization1573 Words   |  7 PagesEvaluation is always considered as the center piece of attention and every project or product needs to be properly evaluated before simulated in the real time environment (Cunico and Vecchietti 2015). There are number of different tools, techniques and approaches which can be utilized for assessment of any product, project or services (Pienaar and Vogt 2012). However, in the project management organisation or any organisation which are executing similar tasks or activities related to the projectRead MoreEvaluation Of A Project On Risk Management1217 Words   |  5 Pages4. Project governance 4.1 Project organization 4.2 Project Governance 4.3 Governance Management Process 11. Risk Management 11.1 Risk management plan A risk is an indefinite event or circumstance that, if or when it does occur it can have a positive or negative effect on the project and its outcome. Risk is an integral part of every project and every project manager should assess risks throughout the phase of the project and develop plans on how to tackle themRead MoreEvaluation Of A Project Management Audit Essay950 Words   |  4 PagesWhat should be done to ensure appropriate closure of this project and why? There will be several areas of â€Å"clean-up† to address before announcing the project success and closure. First, before the closure of the project, it is better conduct an interim project audit to analysis the result. A project management audit is an examination designed to determine the true status of work performed on a project and its conformance with the project statement of work, including schedule and budget constraintsRead MoreCritical Evaluation Of A Project Management1306 Words   |  6 PagesIn project management, there are different methods to get it completed with success. Some projects failed due to poor planning or poor decision making by the project manager. However, according to Harold Kerzner, â€Å"Today, excellent companies realize that project failures have more to do with behavioral shortcomings – poor employee morale, negative human relations, low productivity, and lack of commitment.† (377). Today, project managers are to focus on situational leadership, which is known to beRead MoreEvaluation Of A Project Management ( Apm ) Essay1600 Words   |  7 PagesA project is a temporary organization that is created for the purpose of delivering one or more business product in accordance to an agreed business case (PRINCE2 2005). However, this definition doesn’t seem to elaborate on all the principles and numerous factors, which define a project as compared to Association for Project Management (APM). APM defines a project as an endeavor in which, human materials and financial resources are organized in a novel. Therefore, being able to deliver a unique scopeRead MoreEvaluation Of A Project Manager Management1251 Words   |  6 Pagesin estimation. Master schedule, daily, weekly and monthly forecasts for a project was covered by scheduling and also the various processes that go into making the schedule more efficient like crashing were observed on site as well as from t he perspective of a project manager. During the course of work, a proposal for standardizing the processes like material management on site, preparing punch lists and work force management were proposed by me which are implemented or in the stage of implementation

The Impact Of Brexit On The Uk Economy Essay - 1219 Words

On June 24th, British residents made the collective decision to part away from the European Union. This exit is also referenced as â€Å"Brexit†. This came as a shock that resonated across the economic markets. This decision trails along greater economic repercussions that will negatively affect the U.K. and global financial markets. The growth in vagueness concerning economic growth in the United Kingdom is the general driver for the instantaneous reaction in the economic markets. Brexit will unavoidably amplify the discrepancy between the UK and their international exchange associates. There are numerous amounts of large businesses, uncertain of future admission to the communal European market for goods and services. This is probable to delay or even freeze their main assets in the U.K. And since global business is extremely interconnected, the prospect of a worldwide economic slowdown becomes more plausible. The effect of Brexit is not solely limited to the UK economy: Britain is one of the major economies in the world, introducing billions of pounds value of goods and services from other countries. If British trades and businesses decline their imports from overseas as a result to their deteriorating buying authority, they will trigger other economies to slow down. The Economist Group predict that for each point drop in the United Kingdom economy’s progress, the supplementary European nations will experience one-half to one-third-of-one-point drop, subsequently resulting inShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Brexit On The Uk Economy1982 Words   |  8 Pagesextent would the predicted impact of Brexit, on the UK economy, come true? Brexit, Britain’s exit from Europe. On Thursday the 23rd of June 2016, Britain voted in favour of leaving the European Union and standing alone for the first time since 1973. Many predictions and economic forecasts were made pre referendum, but to what extent were these scaremongering tactics or how accurate were they? I intend to examine the economic impact of Brexit, so far, on the UK economy and whether it is ethicallyRead MoreThe Impact Of Effect On Macroeconomic On The Uk1540 Words   |  7 Pages The Brexit impact on Macroeconomic in the Uk Student Number : 0010896606 Group : DW Date : 13 March INTRODUCTION: This report will explain the meaning of Brexit and introduce the influence of Brexit on macroeconomic in Britain. The definition of Brexit is that the Unite Kingdom (UK) will exit from European Union (EU), which raising concern around the world. Brexit has drawn greater worldwide attention, then the increasing number of questions which about the damaging of British macroeconomicRead MoreWhat Is The Impact Of The Uk Decision To Leave The EU?879 Words   |  4 PagesKingdom’s (UK) decision to leave the European Union (EU) there has been numerous questions and uncertainty of how this will impact the British economy and its trade market. By enlarge the majority of large businesses argue that it will have a negative impact and consequently have backed out of protentional new investments in the UK because of this uncertainty. An example of this is Lloyd’s of London who have axed plans for a new sharing worth potentially 9 billion pounds due to post- Brexit instabilityRead Mo reMarket Entropy: The Effects Of Brexit On The Uk Economy.1574 Words   |  7 PagesMarket Entropy: The Effects of Brexit on the UK Economy Entropy, a term that describes the randomness or more importantly lack of predictability of a system, can be applied to the British referendum held on June 23, 2016, on whether to leave the European Union (EU) or to remain a part of it. The lead up to the referendum saw divisive sides formed, those adamant that Brexit would only lead to an economic disaster, and those who viewed a Brexit as an opportunity for economic freedom. The outcome ofRead MoreMacroeconomic Affect On Uk From Long Term And Short Term Sides1590 Words   |  7 PagesKingdom holds The Brexit vote. The situation for the stay in Europe camp won 17,410,742 votes, off the European camp won 16,141,241 million votes; calculate as a percentage of 51.9% to 49.1%. And it will be reaching an agreement after 2 years even the time may be extended. The European process has aroused strong concern in the world, the results have also been the uproar of the world, a variety of evaluation and attention has been following consiste ntly. Obviously, British economy will be changed;Read MoreThe Effects Of Inflation On Economic Growth1126 Words   |  5 Pagesan important indicator of whether a country s economy is healthy. Therefore, many countries are trying to reduce the inflation rate of domestic. However, it not only brings drawbacks. Since 2014, the inflation rate of Britain is continuing to rise. (Ferreira,2017, no page given) Inflation is a fall in the purchasing power of money leads to people spend much money on buying cheap goods. The inflation rate is the change in average prices in an economy over a given period of time. (Anderton,2008, pageRead MoreEconomic Growth And Development Of South Africa1193 Words   |  5 Pages(cited by Vollgraaf 2016:p2) as a result of Brexit South Africa’s economic growth is expected to have a 0.1% cut-back due to its trading relations with the countries concerned. Bowler (2016:p1) stated that the UK’s pound depreciated after the Brexit occurrence, which c ould result in the UK’s imports being expensive. The country will be inclined to import less causing its trading import partners to suffer in the process. South Africa’s export demand in the UK market is going to decrease, as it is oneRead MoreNotes On The European Union Essay1496 Words   |  6 PagesINDEX: S.NO PARTICULARS PAGE NO 1 INTRODUCTION 2 IMPACT OF BREXIT ON BRITAIN’S Economy a immigration b Trade and manufacturing industry c Financial servies d Foreign investment e Consumption and property market 3 One month now, what do we know and don’t 4 Impact on Indian market 5 Global impact 6 What can be the future impacts INTRODUCTION: What is European union? The European union (EU) is an economic and political partnership involving partnership of 28 EuropeanRead MoreInternational Monetary Fund : Uk Growth Forecast Essay1060 Words   |  5 PagesBrexit vote – UK Growth Forecast Introduction British Citizens made a choice on the 23rd June 2016, to leave the European Union. The UK has been a member of the European Union (EU) since 1973 and the EU gives many economic benefits to member’s countries, such as free movement of labour, harmonisation of regulations and the stability of being in the world’s largest trade block within 28 united countries. The interest of many UK and non UK Citizens dwelled on the idea of what will happen the UK’sRead MoreEffects On The Capital Market Union1245 Words   |  5 PagesEffects On the Capital Market Union Due to Brexit: Positive or Negative? Fluctuations in the economy are normal anywhere in the world and have gone through multiple series of highs and lows ever since scholars began the study of economics. One of the most well-known economic booms occurred when the Industrial Revolution began in the United Kingdom. Coincidentally, the recently announcement of the exit of United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU) caused a great deal of uncertainty among investors

Interviewing Free Essays

Behavioral interviewing is defined as an application of communication theory and the study of patterns of behavior to guide in the interview process. It is believed that human communication is affected by learning which affects the behavioral indicators that can be observed and interpreted. Some of those behavior indicators are nonverbal posturing, sensory verbal communication, and eye movement. We will write a custom essay sample on Interviewing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although there are no step by step methods to use when it comes to behavioral interviewing all these tools should be used along with any other form of interviewing and are not a stand alone method.When looking at behavioral interviewing it is very important that you not only listen to what is said during the interview, but also how it is said. For example if the interviewee has an emotional outburst and inflections of the voice this may give you a clue to a sensitive area during the interview. If someone has sudden silence, uncertainty or confusion, or does a shifting of conversation to an unrelated subject this may indicate that information they have is being withheld. Another sign that the interviewer may have reached a sensitive area with the interviewee is if they have nervous bodily reactions or facial characteristics.As a result of this the interviewer will know that some portions of the statement may require further probing or clarification. The scientific study of gestures a nd other body movements is known as kinesics. This is a form of nonverbal communication which we as call body language. The three categories of learners are visual, auditory and physical. When it comes to nonverbal communication men appear to use different nonverbal communication differently when speaking to men then they do woman.Also age differences also play an impact when it comes to the style of communication. Since there are so many different variances because of people’s personal characteristics for example ethnicity, gender as well as age it is important that the interviewer analyze the responses during conversations prior to beginning the interview. Facial expressions may not only be visible and non visible, but they can also be universal. During the interview process some individual’s facial expressions may show the specific emotion they are feeling at that particular time. The facial expressions may include movements to emphasize speech which aren’t typical of the individual so during the interview process the interviewer should watch the movement closely. Even though people may attempt to cover up their facial expressions the smile is the most common cover. If an individual’s smile indicates pleasure they may cover it up by pressing their lips together and pushing the chin muscles up. Other expressions that need to be looked at during the interview are when the individual shows a sign of sadness, sorrow, or grief they will have the lip corner go down.This kind of facial expression is reliable and hard to fake. Sadness, grief, or distress is indicated by wrinkling the center of the forehead muscles. The inner corners of the eyebrows are typically pulled upward. When the eyebrows are raised and pulled together that is a sign that the individual may be showing a sign of fear, worry, apprehension or terror. Body posture also makes a statement about the type of emotion the individual being interviewed may feel. When someone stands with their hands on their hips and have their feet spread apart that may show defiance or aggression.This also can happen when an individual is trying to make what is called a power play. For example if you have someone who has his/her arms crossed, uncross your arms to see if they follow your behavioral lead. If they do then you have achieved control over the situation. If a person is truthful they tend to lean forward which is an indication that they are listening where as deceitful people tend to move away. Watching someone’s eye movement also provides another way to access information needed to determine an individual’s behavioral pattern during an interview.Look at the direction of the subject’s eyes in response to any visual, auditory or kinesthetic terms during the time you build rapport with him/her. Normally when the subjects eyes are defocused or staring straight ahead it will indicate recalled or remembered images. It is also common in today’s society for employers to look at behavioral techniques when interviewing someone for a job. In traditional job interviews we are able to get away with being able to tell the interviewer what he/she wants to hear, even if we are fudging a bit on the truth.For example during a job interview you are asked â€Å"How would you handle XYC situation? † As an interviewer how does he/she know you would really react that way, but with a behavioral interview it’s more difficult to give responses that are unt rue to your character because the interviewer typically will be able to pick it apart and try to get more specific behaviors by probing further in depth or ask you a follow up question like â€Å"What were you thinking at that point? †.With the behavioral interview if the story you told is anything but totally honest your response will not hold up through the probing questions. Employers also use the behavioral interview technique to evaluate the candidate’s experience as well as behaviors, so they can determine the applicant’s potential for success. Some of the characteristics that employers look at are being a self starter, critical thinking, his/her willingness to learn teamwork and his/her professionalism. How to cite Interviewing, Papers

conrad.txt Essay Example For Students

conrad.txt Essay TEXTR*chw,w,2LInterpretations of Heart of DarknessIn Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness, there is a great interpretation of the feelings of the characters and uncertainties of the Congo. Although Africa, nor the Congo are ever really referred to, the Thames river is mentioned as support. This intricate story reveals much symbolism due to Conrads theme based on the lies and good and evil, which interact together in every man. Today, of course, the situation has changed. Most literate people know that by probing into the heart of the jungle Conrad was trying to convey an impression about the heart of man, and his tale is universally read as one of the first symbolic masterpieces of English prose (Graver,28). In any event, this story recognizes primarily on Marlow, its narrator, not about Kurtz or the brutality of Belgian officials. Conrad wrote a brief statement of how he felt the reader should interpret this work:My task which I am trying to achieve is, by the power of the written word, to make you hear, to make you feel-it is above all, to make you see.(Conrad 1897)Knowing that Conrad was a novelist who lived in his work, writing about the experiences were as if he were writing about himself. Every novel contains an element of autobiography-and this can hardly be denied, since the creator can only explain himself in his creations.(Kimbrough,158) The story is written as seen through Marlows eyes. Marlow i s a follower of the sea. His voyage up the Congo is his first experience in freshwater navigation. He is used as a tool, so to speak, in order for Conrad to enter the story and tell it out of his own philosophical mind. He longs to see Kurtz, in the hopes of appreciating all that Kurtz finds endearing in the African jungle. Marlow does not get the opportunity to see Kurtz until he is so disease-stricken he looks more like death than a person. There are no good looks or health. In the story Marlow remarks that Kurtz resembles an animated image of death carved out of old ivory. Like Marlow, Kurtz is seen as an honorable man to many admirers; but he is also a thief, murderer, raider, persecutor, and above all he allows himself to be worshipped as a god. Both men had good intentions to seek, yet Kurtz seemed a universally genius lacking basic integrity or a sense of responsibility (Roberts,43). In the end they form one symbolic unity. Marlow and Kurtz are the light and dark selves of a single person. Meaning each one is what the other might have been. Every person Marlow meets on his venture contributes something to the plot as well as the overall symbolism of the story. Kurtz is the violent devil Marlow describes at the storys beginning. It was his ability to control men through fear and adoration that led Marlow to signify this. Throughout the story Conrad builds an unhealthy darkness that never allows the reader to forget the focus of the story. At every turn he sees evil lurking within the land. Every image reflects a dreary, blank one. The deadly Congo snakes to link itself with the sea and all other rivers of darkness and light, with the tributaries and source of mans being on earth (Dean,189). The setting of these adventurous and moral quests is the great jungle, in which most of the story takes place. As a symbol the forest encloses all, and in the heart of the African journey Marlow enters the dark cavern of his won heart. It even becomes an image of a vast catacomb of evil, in which Kurtz dies, but from which Marlow emer ges spiritually reborn. The manager, in charge of three stations in the jungle, feels Kurtz poses a threat to his own position. Marlow sees how the manager is deliberately trying to delay any help or supplies to Kurtz. He hopes he will die of neglect. This is where the inciting moment of the story lies. Should the company in Belgium find out the truth a bout Kurtzs success in an ivory procurer, they would undoubtedly elevate him to the position of manager. The managers insidious and pretending nature opposes all truth (Roberts,42). .u52a4b3ff6710576cf35c0654bae3a1ef , .u52a4b3ff6710576cf35c0654bae3a1ef .postImageUrl , .u52a4b3ff6710576cf35c0654bae3a1ef .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u52a4b3ff6710576cf35c0654bae3a1ef , .u52a4b3ff6710576cf35c0654bae3a1ef:hover , .u52a4b3ff6710576cf35c0654bae3a1ef:visited , .u52a4b3ff6710576cf35c0654bae3a1ef:active { border:0!important; } .u52a4b3ff6710576cf35c0654bae3a1ef .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u52a4b3ff6710576cf35c0654bae3a1ef { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u52a4b3ff6710576cf35c0654bae3a1ef:active , .u52a4b3ff6710576cf35c0654bae3a1ef:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u52a4b3ff6710576cf35c0654bae3a1ef .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u52a4b3ff6710576cf35c0654bae3a1ef .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u52a4b3ff6710576cf35c0654bae3a1ef .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u52a4b3ff6710576cf35c0654bae3a1ef .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u52a4b3ff6710576cf35c0654bae3a1ef:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u52a4b3ff6710576cf35c0654bae3a1ef .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u52a4b3ff6710576cf35c0654bae3a1ef .u52a4b3ff6710576cf35c0654bae3a1ef-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u52a4b3ff6710576cf35c0654bae3a1ef:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: DRESS CODES EssayThis story can be the result of two completely different aspects in Conrads life. One being his journey in the Congo. Conrad had a childhood wish associated with a disapproved childhood ambition to go to sea. Another would be an act of man to throw his life away. Thus, the adventurous Conrad and Conrad the moralist may have experienced collision. But the collision, again as with many novelists of the second war, could well have been deferred and retrospective, not felt intensely at the time (Kimbrough,124). Heart of Darkness is a record of things seen and done, Then it was ivory that poured from the heart of darkness; now it is uranium. There were so many actual events and facts in the story it made it more an enormity than entertaining. His confrontations as a man are both dangerous and enlightening. Perhaps mans inhumanity to man is his greatest sin. And since the story closes with a lie, maybe Conrad was discovering and analyzing the two aspects of truth-black truth and white truth. Both, of which, are inherent in every human soul. 4http://206.72.136.210:80/papers/english/conrad.txt

The Ministry of Interior of the United Arab Emirates

How Globalization Has Affected Americans

How Globalization Has Affected Americans Globalization can be defined as increased unification of economic order at the international level through reduction of the several of blockades to international trade such as exportation cost, import rations and levy. Globalization is mainly intended at to raising goods, services and material wealth through division of labour in the world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How Globalization Has Affected Americans specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The attainment of this important component of trade is accelerated by specialization, good international relations and competition. Globalization generally describes the procedure by which local society’s customs and economies amalgamate through trade, communication and transportation. Globalization can be determined by a mishmash of political, technological, economic, biological and socio-cultural factors. It entails multinational exchange of ideas, trendy cultures and languages through assimilation. Factors that led to globalization include increased mass movement and migration, technologies in transportation, increased economic movement, combinations of industries and international concords.A world or state that has undergone the process can be alleged to have been globalized. Globalization has greatly impacted the world today, its effect can be felt everywhere in politics, economics, finance, language, ecology, culture, religion, technology, industry and information. Contemporary Globalization Contemporary analysts correlate globalization with deterritorialization. This is whereby social activities continue to grow irrespective of geographical position of the participants. To draw this conclusion, these analysts used computers and other telecommunication technologies and examined global events. These kinds of events occur almost everywhere and anywhere in the world. They therefore defined contemporary globalization as increased possible action s among people living in different longitudinal and latitudinal location. The distance does not affect social activities that take place in the location.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Deterritorialization exists or manifests itself in businesses that people do in different continents with the help of electronic commerce. For example, television enables people in different parts of the world to observe how terrible wars waged far away from their homes impact the world. Moreover increased technology inventions enable people to hold seminars by use of video conferencing apparatus whereby those involved are located in different geographical positions. The internet also enables people to instantaneously communicate with each other despite the long distance that separates the two. By examining the current interconnectedness of social growth which has surpassed the poli tical and geographical limits recent theorists have able been to put globalization into a clear perspective. According to their views, globalization majorly concerns the way in which distant forces and events impact regional and local endeavours (Vallas, Finlay Wharton, 188). An encyclopaedia is an example of detteritorialized social space given that it permits exchange of ideas. The book can be used by other students in different geographical areas to access the same knowledge and ideas in a particular topic. Therefore, contemporary globalization can be defined as processes which have an impact on life in local institution as a result of environmental events and decisions. This means that any social activity can influence more or less events in different geographical location. The impact and the degree of activities taking place may also vary; environmental events can either have a huge impact or less impact on different events in particular areas. This means that the degree of in terconnectedness across different frontiers can be easily predicted and regulated (Vallas, Finlay, Wharton, 190). Contemporary globalization involves social acceleration. Interconnectedness and deterritorialization is directly tied to social acceleration. For social activities in different areas to develop and reach other frontiers, the ideas must move swiftly.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How Globalization Has Affected Americans specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This will also be aided by the flow of information, capital and goods and migration of people. Without swift flow, it will be difficult to view how people are influenced by different distant affairs. High-speed technology has greatly contributed in increasing the velocity of different human events and affairs. This means that globalization is mainly a matter of extent. Most analysts conceive globalization as a long term process. This is because it is com posed of present history and present world. Globalization has led to innovations in information technology, communication and transportation. Many problems experienced in globalization are directly associated with the surfacing of technologies that are of high-speed. They lessen the magnitude of distance and boost social interconnectedness and deterritorialization. Lastly, contemporary globalization can be conceived also as a multi-pronged process. This is because social interconnectedness, social acceleration and deterritorialization can be visualized through diverse economical, cultural and political grounds of social actions. How Globalization has affected Americans Many Americans feel that globalization has both positive and negative impacts on them. Even majority of Americans view globalization as a result of positive economy, they are less positive when it comes to American jobs, business environment and living standards in general. Americans began feeling the pain of globaliz ation as early as 1980. Many people lost their jobs when most companies decided to outsource to other foreign countries. This is why most American families and communities do not embrace global market. They see it as a threat to their lives. Many American workers were greatly hit when American steel industry went global. All the steel mills in small towns were shut done which destroyed both the American economy and the living standards of those living in the regions (Vallas, Finlay, Wharton, 198). This shows that there is no benefit felt by the Americans when many companies decide to go global. Most Americans believe that outsourcing is a way in which corporations take advantage of under developed countries and the people living in the regions in order to gain profit. Most of these under developed countries greatly depend on American market. However the American economy is now under a great risk of collapse due to globalization. This is because America has lost its manufacturers to the global world and in case of economic crisis; the country will have nothing to rely on.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Without manufacturers, America is not capable of producing goods hence American workers lose their jobs due shutdown of these manufacturing companies. Moreover globalization has a negative impact on United State’s wages for workers. This is due to job losses in the country which lead to trade deficits in most goods and services. Globalization leads to shifting of jobs which induce negative effects on trade and on average wages of the American workers. This is because importation of goods reduces jobs and it requires less education to do export. This cannot be compared to exports which increase job opportunities for the Americans and also requires high education for one to be employed. Moreover globalization leads to foreign investment which negatively affects the average wages of workers in America and American families at large. Foreign investment deteriorates the supremacy of United States workers which lowers the price of the wages they are being paid as they are considere d worthless. High level of education and highly skilled labour are required to carry out foreign investment. More workforces are directed towards foreign affiliates leaving United States with fewer jobs making more people jobless. Globalization also impacts government policies which in-turn affects United States families and communities. The government of America was forced to adopt economic policies that are contractionary to protect its global capital market. (Vallas, Finlay Wharton, 200). The government cannot inflict corporate taxes because it wants to preserve competition and inflate investments in commerce. The government is forced to decrease the amount spent on social welfare due to limitations of taxation and spending leading to poor welfare benefits to many families. Global market pressure can also force the government to control United State’s products and labour bazaar leading to job cuts and consequently poor living standards. However, globalization can have som e positive impacts in America to some extent. McKinsey which is a global institute believes that globalization has positive impacts on the lives of Americans. Globalization renders United States industries to high competition in the global world which promote productivity. Many countries believe that United States products are of high quality. They therefore purchase those products through online trading especially those who cannot reach the shops in America due to long distance. This increases sales for American companies and hence more employment opportunities for many Americans. Moreover many American families and communities gain by getting high quality goods and services. In conclusion, globalization has positively and negatively affected Americans. Many American workers have lost their jobs and have experienced a reduction in wages. However many jobs have also been created in the process in other sectors of the economy. The government has come up with policies aimed at protect ing the Americans from the effects of globalization at the same time promoting it. Vallas, Steven, Finlay, William, Wharton Amy. Sociology of work: Structures and Inequalities. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

Extended propsal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Extended propsal - Essay Example During the summit, the importance of access to credit by low income classes, women, and other vulnerable groups, was emphasized. In 1997, the movement gained another boost with the holding of the World Micro-Credit Summit in February 1997 in Washington, DC. During the summit, a countdown was announced, to the year 2005, for the eradication of poverty among 100 million of the world’s poorest families, targeting women in particular with micro-credit aimed at self improvement (Dhar, 2005). In the last 20 years, microfinance has proven to be a vital development tool capable of addressing the needs of vast number of poor people, in particular poor women, with a means of sustainable financial support for their livelihoods. In the 2005 State of the Microcredit Summit Campaign, microfinancial institutions were reported to have reached more than 92 million clients, in the process benefiting as many as 333 million family members. Poor people are no longer seen as charity recipients but customers to be attended to and served; of these, women comprise 83% - roughly 66 million – of reported microfinance clients. And not only are they better clients than men, being better repayers, but they also act as key drivers of development, channelling their extra income directly to the benefit of the family (McCarter, 2006). Even prior to its being called â€Å"micro-finance†, forms of small-scale financing have already been afforded to very poor families in developing countries such as India. However, with the advent of the term â€Å"micro-finance†, there appears to be a paradigm shift in the perception of people to the new facility. The old concept encompassed providing credit, at subsidized rates of credit, to poor families residing in rural and semi-urban areas, through public and government financial institutions (Dhar, 2005). Under the new concept, the target is rural and urban poor

Emendation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emendation - Essay Example As of today, researcher cannot establish the actual figures of deaths resulting from HAIs, although all indications point to the fact that the numbers have risen high. However, existing literature points to the fact that hand hygiene plays a vital role in preventing HAIs. This project adopts a quasi-experimental research design, which will utilize quantitative research to gather and analyze relevant data. The data will be collected through a pretest posttest design for further analysis to assess the effectiveness of hand hygiene programs in reducing HAIs. Hospital Acquired infections (HAIs) present a serious challenge in provision of healthcare services to patients in hospital settings. Studies indicate that about 80 percent of patients who contract HAIs often succumb to the diseases and die while receiving treatment in the hospital (Ivers, et al. 2012). The numbers have since risen up and it has become increasingly difficult for researchers to point to the exact numbers of patients suffering from HAIs. Nevertheless, existing literature has produced a lot of evidence pointing to the role of hand hygiene practices in reducing the rates of HAIs. However, compliance rates to hand hygiene practices such as hand washing and gelling remain low, which makes it difficult to prevent HAIs. There is also a gap in available literature concerning the impact of specific hand hygiene programs in reducing the rates of HAIs. This project assesses how reeducation can enhance compliance to hand hygiene in hospital settings thereby reducing the rates of HAIs. Hand hygiene encompasses various technics and practices for cleansing hands before and after treating patients. Several agents such as antiseptic agents, anti-microbial soaps, alcohol based rubs, plain soaps, and antiseptic agents play a critical role in hand hygiene practices. The main underlying factor is that compliance with

Physico-Chemical Analysis of Sugar Industry Effluents

Physico-Chemical Analysis of Sugar Industry Effluents Physico-Chemical Analysis of Sugar Industry Effluents of Gayathri Sugar Factory Nizamabad district, Telangana state Bondugula Vanitha, Dr. Nirmala Babu Rao, ABSTRACT Present work is based on the physico – chemical analysis of effluents released from gayathri Sugar Factory. Sugar mills place a major rolling polluting the water bodies by discharging a large amount of waste water as effluent. The sugar mill effluent are having high amount of Suspended solids, dissolve solids, BOD, COD, Chlorides, Sulphates, Nitrates, Calcium and Magnesium. The Continuous use of the Effluents harmfully affects the crops when used for Irrigation. It was found that the sugar industries consume large amount of water and released almost equal amount effluent containing highly toxic material in solid and dissolve form. Sugar Factory effluents was more worst like Average values of lower PH (6.2), high temperature (42Ã ¢-Â ¦c), chloride (862mg/ lit), total hardness (571mg/lit), calcium (362 mg/Lit), Magnesium (211 mg/Lit), total solids (2452 mg /Lit), Total Dissolved solids (1915 mg/Lit), Total Suspended Solids (542 mg/Lit), Nitrate (0.8 Mg/Lit), Phosphate (9.8mg/L it), Sulphate (49.3 mg/Lit) and Oil Grees (87.8 mg/Lit). And finally this water is Unsafe for domestic and agriculture purposes. Therefore it should be recycled and utilized for Industrial purpose only. Key words: Gayathri Sugar Factory, Sugar Factory Effluents, Physico Chemical Analysis INTRODUCTION: Sugar mills play a major role in polluting the water, land and air. Commonly the pollutants are through effluents and hazardous chemicals in the form of air (1). Sugar industry plays an important role in the economic development, but the effluents released will produce a high organic pollution in both aquatic and terrestrial and air ecosystems (2). Metals and non-metallic elements can be useful for the agricultural seed germination and growth, but in high concentration they show a very adverse effect (3). Effluents also affect characteristics like flora and fauna of receiving aquatic bodies, effluent discharged in the environment poses a serious health hazard to the rural and semi-urban populations that use stream and river water for agriculture and domestic purposes. Damage to paddy crops due to sugar industry waste-waters entering agricultural land have been reported (4). It had been reported that the lower concentration of sugar factory effluent increases the seedling growth (56). As sugar factory effluent not treated properly, it will have an unpleasant odor when it is released into environment (7). Farmers using effluents water for irrigation to reduce water demand have found that plant growth and crop yield were reduced and soil contaminated(8). This is also causing deaths of domicile animals of such polluted water have been reported increasingly (9). MATERIALS METHODS: The effluents from Gayathri sugar factory was collected during the beginning of rainy season (2013 July -2014 June) in the glass bottles from the discharge channel and properly sealed. It was preserved by adding chemicals to analyze in the laboratory, for the assessment of various physico-chemical characteristics a standardized protocol of APHA (10) was used. RESULTS DISSCUSSION Color As per the present study, the color of untreated effluent was dark brownish. The photosynthesis activity is found to be reduced due to dark coloration also affecting other parameters like temperature DO and BOD etc. Temperature Temperature plays an important role in certain chemical and biological reactions taking place in water which affects organism’s metabolic activity. It depends upon season, time sampling etc. The effluent which had been released from the industry has generally high temperature and it affects land. The temperature of untreated effluent was recorded 43Â °C. The temperature of the discharge should not exceed 35Â °C. The high tem i.e. 43Â °C of the untreated effluent has adversely affected the process. pH In the present study, pH values of treated and untreated are 5.8 and 6.2 respectively. According BIS standards pH of the effluents should be in the range of 6.5 to 8.0. These low pH values of both treated and untreated samples are due to usage of phosphoric acid and Sulfur dioxide during the process of cleaning of sugar cane juice. If such water is used for irrigation for a longer period the soil becomes acidic resulting in poor crops growth and yield. Dissolved Oxygen The analysis of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) is one of the very important factors in water pollution and waste water control. Aquatic ecosystem totally depends on DO only. It effects the metabolic activities of microorganism were very well documented. According to the BIS standards, the DO of effluent should be within the range 4 to 6 mg/lit. In the present study, DO of the untreated effluent sample was recorded 1.16 and 2.23g/lit respectively which is sufficiently low than the BIS Indian standard values. BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is defined as amount of oxygen required by microorganism while stabilizing biological decomposable organic matter in water under aerobic conditions. The BO is a very slow process in oxidation; organic pollutants are oxidized by microorganisms into carbon dioxide, water using dissolved Oxygen. In the present study, the BOD of the untreated effluent was 86mg/lit. According to BIS Indian standard the BOD should not exceed the 50 mg/l. COD The chemical Oxygen demand test describes the amount of oxygen required for chemical oxidation of organic matter with the help of strong chemical oxidant. The COD is a test which is used to measure the amount or quantity of pollution which has been released by domestic and industrial waste. COD is useful to determine the exact toxic condition and presence of biological matters. In the present study, the COD of the untreated effluents was 460 mg/l. In untreated effluent it is appreciably high compared to BIS standard (250 mg/L). This indicates a high amount of organic pollutants in the sample. TDS The total dissolved solids concentration in the effluent represent the colloidal form and dissolved specters. The rate of collision aggregated process is also influenced by pH of this effluent. In the rainy season less concentration of total dissolved solids are obtained due to dilution of waste effluent with rain water. In the present study, the total solids in untreated effluent were 1958 mg/lit. The samples in TDS values are much higher compared to BIS Indian Standards (500 mg/L). TSS Suspended solids are the cause of suspended particle inside the water body influencing turbidity. According the present study, the suspended solids of untreated effluent were542mg/l Chlorides The presence of chloride in natural water is attributed to dissolution of salt deposit, discharge of effluents from chemical industries oil well operations. In the present study chlorides of untreated was 862 mg/l. Sulphate Sulphate can also be produced an oxidizing action as in the oxidation action. Sulphur itself has never been limiting factor in aquatic system. In the present study, sulphate in untreated effluent was 493 mg/l according BIS Indian standard, the sulphate should not exceed 100 mg/l. Oil and grease In the present study, oil and grease present in un-treated effluent showed 87.8mg/l oil and grease values are higher than BIS standards. Table: 1 Seasonal variation in the Physico- Chemical parameters of the un-treated sugar factory effluents (during period of 2013 July -2014 June) Table: 2 The Physico-chemical parameters of untreated sugar mill effluent CONCLUSION The Gayathri sugar industry situated at Nizamabad district, Telangana State is one of the good factories. It has own distillery unit in its own premises for waste which is generated from the sugar factory. The sugar industry needs modification in effluent treatment. Thus the sugar industry effluent which is untreated exhibits high COD, BOD, and TDS content. And low content of DO which is toxic to plants and animals, so it is not permissible for irrigation. The sugar industry effluent is highly polluted and they do not satisfy the BIS Indian standard values

South Park as Parody of Society

South Park began airing in 1997. The commercials that preceded it gave the impression of it beinganother stupid cartoon; however, when I began watching, I realized important issues were being covered through the repeated behaviors and actions of its characters, through the influences these actions could have on the viewers, through the reinforcement and rejections of certain stereotypes, through the long-term effects that could result from watching the program, and through its reflection of social reality. Some of the repeated behaviors and actions of the characters include one of the children (Kenny) dying during each episode (followed by Stan yelling, â€Å"Oh, my God! They've killed Kenny† (South Park); the children ragging the overweight kid; the African-American chef obsessing about sex; and the geneticist performing insane experiments in his spooky laboratory. Kenny has been shot, run over by a train, impaled on a flag pole, beheaded, crushed by Mir, and taken by Death himself–to name a few. Cartman, the overweight kid, has been called â€Å"fat ass,† â€Å"lard ass,† and â€Å"the fat kid† (South Park). There are numerous references to his weight throughout each episode; he eats continuously, thanks to his Mother's cooking and offering cookies, chocolate-chicken pot pies, and Cheesy Poofs. Each time Chef (voice of Isaac Hayes) offers to explain important issues to the kids, he breaks into a song about making â€Å"sweet love† to a woman. This leaves the children wondering just what the heck he is trying to say. There are references to his having sex with every available (and even unavailable) female in the town. There is a take-off of The Island of Dr. Moreau with a geneticist–mimicking Marlon Brando–conducting bizarre experiments: creating monkeys with four asses; creating mutant, militant turkeys; and bringing flesh-eating zombies to life. There are both negative and positive influences these repeated behaviors and actions could have on an audience. One negative effect could be the numbing of the viewer to children's deaths: it is such a common occurrence on the show until it is expected. Another effect could be the instilling of negative feelings toward the overweight; the audience could be learning that it is acceptable to verbally attack a person with a weight problem. Also, in a time of AIDS, promotion of sexual promiscuity is a dangerous thing: never have the writers mentioned the use of condoms by Chef during his encounters. Finally, because of the recent advances in genetic research and its awakening of new fears in the public, South Park's parody of the geneticist could further play on people's fears. Despite the potentially negative influences of these behaviors and actions, there could be a positive influence existing in the form of catharsis. American society has suffered from the rules of political correctness, the fear of AIDS, and the fear of knowledge (the fear of going too far into God's domain–thanks to our Puritanical background). Maybe South Park gives us release from repression by allowing us to laugh at the things we fear the most: death, ridicule of our differences by our peers, the contracting of deadly diseases, and advancements in science. (I am sure that most of us need release from the built-up tensions of daily life; South Park has given us this release. Despite South Park's cathartic influence, it reinforces several negative stereotypes: the promiscuous African-American male, the self-serving public official, and the gun-happy redneck. As I wrote above, Chef has little control over his libido; this is an extremely negative stereotype of the African-American male. If Chef were Caucasian (let us say an Irish-English-German-Swedish-Scottish-etc-American), the stereotype could be avoided entirely. The mayor's decisions are based solely on her looking good in the public eye. For example, when a volcano erupts, she uses fake concern for the children on the mountain to look like a caring person on Entertainment Tonight; she calls for continuous re-takes even though ET is broadcasting live. Uncle JimBo and Ned are the gun-toting Bubba types; when they take the kids on a camping trip, they get drunk and shoot at will. JimBo's philosophies are, â€Å"hunting without drinking is like fishing,† and â€Å"thanks to those damned Democrats, we can only shoot certain animals that impose a threat; therefore, when you see an animal, you have to yell, ‘it's comin' right for us'; then you shoot† (South Park). At least one episode attempted to reject a negative stereotype: homosexuality is a bad thing. Stan's dog, Sparky, turns out to be gay. Throughout the episode we hear the evils of homosexuality preached by the town's people; Sparky runs away. Stan realizes that his love for his dog is more important than society's negative views. Stan is counted on to win the big football game. He does not show up because he is searching for his dog (YES! What a message: football does not fit highly in the great scheme of things. He finds Sparky at Big Gay Al's â€Å"Big Gay Animal Sanctuary† and brings him home. Stan shares his newfound understanding with the citizens, and they accept his view. All the gay pets return from Al's to be with their owners. The owners apologize for being so narrow minded. This episode's message is quite profound. The gay episode is one episode which may be obvious in its message and is quite easy to grasp; however, the long-term effects from watching this program c ould go in two directions. First, there is the possibility that children (and adults) watching this show would imitate the bad language and sometimes antisocial behaviors of the characters without realizing the important subtexts of the episodes. For example, Kyle is labeled a â€Å"fecal-phile† in the Christmas episode. He has a friend he calls Mr. Hankey. Mr. Hankey comes out of the toilet to bring Christmas cheer to all the little Jewish boys. Unfortunately, Mr. Hankey is a piece of feces, and as he dances around, he leaves marks on the walls, floor, and sink; he, also, writes â€Å"NOEL† on the bathroom mirror. Of course, Kyle's parents blame Kyle–they do not believe in Mr. Hankey. Kyle is institutionalized for â€Å"fecal-philia. † Here, the problem could be kids thinking that it is cool to be in love with your own feces and cool to share it with others. They could miss the message found in the subtext: the fact that political correctness has gotten out of hand. This episode allows the inhabitants of South Park to express their dislikes over every aspect of Christmas–mainly, that each person's rights are being infringed upon by someone else's beliefs. The political correctness is what drives Kyle to his belief in Mr. Hankey, not the fun of playing in his own filth. Second, the audience could grasp the subtexts in these episodes and come to terms with their own morals and belief systems. There is a line spoken by Lex Luthor in Superman that makes good sense: â€Å"A man can read War and Peace and come away believing it is a simple adventure story; another man can read the ingredients on a chewing gum wrapper and unlock the secrets of the universe† (Superman). The fact is that South Park is out there; it is ultimately our responsibility to make of it what we will. It may be our responsibility to do with South Park what we will; however, this program reflects what already exists: â€Å"a society full of prejudices and fears which are embedded within its communities and how these human short-comings are passed on to children†( Hatley). Fortunately, in most of the episodes these negative actions and beliefs are dealt with in a manner that seeks to alleviate them. Unfortunately, this manner of lleviation is found in the subtext, and most people are not willing to look that far; it requires too much effort. Frighteningly, the show is a parody of society itself. In film, parody is usually the death-knell of a particular genre. Years ago, I read that Ren and Stimpy (another cartoon) was proof of the decline of our civilization because of its attacks on societal norms. â€Å"Could South Park be further proof of this decline, or is it just a funny cartoon that allows us to laugh at ourselves while dealing with our fears? †( Pineda)

Air Blue

Business Policy & Strategy Projects Guidelines Assignment #1 This is the first project based assignment. The students are required to identify an organization on which they are supposed to complete all upcoming assignments and final report. The first assignment is focused on the Vision and Mission statements of the organization. The group is supposed to first analyze and then recommend the Vision and Mission statements based upon the characteristics discussed in text. Assignment #2 Report on Industry AnalysisThis assignment would encompass the following components: a. Introduction and History of the allocated industry. b. PEST Analysis and conclusion on industry attractiveness. c. Industry scanning using the Porter’s five force model and conclude on prevailing competition level. d. Make a list of opportunities and threats present in the industry emerging out of PEST Analysis and Porter’s Five Force Model in relation to allocated company. e. Make EFE Matrix of the compan y and interpret its result. f. Identify and make a list of CSF’s of the industry . Identify company’s major competitors and make CPM Assignment # 3 Report on Company Analysis On the allocated company from within the respective industry, each group is required to develop: a. Perform Strategic internal audit of the company of the following departments as per the guidelines given in the prescribed text book i. Marketing ii. Finance iii. R&D iv. Accounting v. MIS vi. HR b. Complete internal audit and make list of key Strengths and Weaknesses of the company. c. Make IFE Matrix of the company and interpret its result. . Make SWOT analysis of the company and interpret its overall findings. Assignment # 4 A-Long Term Objectives In light of vision and Mission statement and SWOT analysis develop:- i. Long Term Financial Strategic Objectives of the company ii. Long Term Non-Financial Strategic Objectives of the company a B-Strategic Analysis and Choice I. Inputs stage This stage involves development of EFE matrix, CPM and IFE Matrix that has already been covered in assignment 1 to 3. (Just include findings) II. Matching StageIn this stage it is required to develop at least three out of the five matrices discussed below: i. SWOT matrix so as to develop four strategic scenarios (SO, ST. WO. WT) ii. SPACE Matrix for determining the organization’s overall strategic position. iii. BCG (If required) so as to determine the relative contribution of different divisions in terms of market share and industry growth. iv. IE Matrix using IFE and EFE scores ( done previously) v. Grand Strategy Matrix for formulating alternative strategySet of feasible strategies emerging out of matching tools which company can consider for decision stage ? FINAL PROJECT REPORT &PRESENTATION B-Strategic Analysis and Choice III. Decision Stage i. Compare all strategies included in sets of feasible strategies using QSPM of the allocated company. ii. Use excel spreadsheet for developi ng QSPM in order to evaluate the best alternative strategies set. This would require using the results from the input and the matching stage. Identify most attractive StrategiesUsing QSPM scores identify the most attractive strategies set to be followed by the company under the prevailing circumstances. Strategy Implementation i. Arrange the most attractive strategies sets in order of their priority in implementation to achieve company’s strategic goals ii. Specify the action plan that you are going to work on for implementation purpose for each strategy. iii. In order to implement any strategy you need to develop its annual objectives, policies and focus on the resources and other management issues that you may require your attentionEvaluation and Control i. Specify the steps and measures to be taken for checking the effectiveness of the each strategy set after they are implemented. ii. Specify corrective actions to be taken in case of positive or negative variances for each strategy set. Conclusion i. Write a short note (1/2 Page) on how do you see the future of this company in next 5 years down the road specially with reference to your overall analysis and Strategy set that you have recommended. ii. Write down what Lessons you have learned from this project. Special Note:If required students can easily transfer these assignments and project into final MBA project by adding more articles, updated industry and company data, and surveys about the strategies being pursued by the company. You can round up your MBA project by making a complete strategic business plan of the company for the next 3 years in light of your recommended strategies Reports format and presentation instructions IMPORTANT NOTE : ALL REPORTS ARE TO BE SUBMITTED ON DESIGNATED DAY AND TIME WHICH WILL BE ANNOUNCED BY THE INSTRUCTOR –THERE IS NO CONCEPT OF LATE SUBMISSIONStudents are advised to strictly follow these instructions while compiling their assignment or final project re ports, or making presentations (any deviation will result in deduction of marks): †¢Reports should be laser printed on A4 size (white) paper. †¢New Times Roman with font size 12 for the main body, Font size 14 bold for the sub heading, Font size16 bold for the main headings. Line spacing 1. 5 lines. Left justified †¢The title page of the report must contain: 1. Name and Logo of UCP 2. Title of the course and Section 3. Name of Industry 4. Company Name 5.Group members names and registration numbers 6. Name of the instructor 7. Date and Time of submission †¢Due references must be made where required in form of bibliography in APA style. ( Check the details of APA style of referencing on net) †¢Plagiarism would lead to negative marking or cancellation of the project. †¢Check spelling and grammar using MS Word spell check. †¢Presentation time would be 20 minutes followed by Q/A session in which each group member must participate. It should be on PPT sl ides. †¢Presentation should entail a brief summary of the industry and allocated assignments.

Case Study Hunter Douglas Group - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 18 Words: 5470 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? This is a case study report to analyse how Hunter Douglas Group manages its human resource planning and how the activities involved in the human resource planning process contributes to the success, as well as to ensure future success, of this large multi-national organisation in line with its corporate vision, mission, core values, strategic planning and objectives. Human resource planning provides the means to accomplish the desired outcomes of the organisation and achieving objectives by ensuring that the organisation has the right number of quality people available to achieve objectives through strategy implementation. This is based on a close working relationship between the human resource practitioners and line managers in each company (business unit) of its decentralised organisational structure. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Case Study: Hunter Douglas Group" essay for you Create order The human resource practitioners serve as consultants to line managers concerning the people management implications of business objectives and strategies. Line managers, in turn, have the responsibility to respond to the business implication of human resource objectives and strategies. We also see that the environmental and contextual changes present a number of competitive challenges to this organization which requires its human resource management to be involved in helping to create and build new capabilities. The challenges include: Globalisation: the challenge is to move peoples ideas, products and information around the world to meet local needs. Technology: the challenge is to make technology a viable, productive part of the work setting Competition: in order to remain competitive and remain as a market leader, Hunter Douglas is aware of the importance of continuous training of its people. Economics: economic growth or lower interest rates cause the increase in spending and often increase in business opportunities. Changes in the labour market has an impact on the organisations ability to find and keep employees Workforce changes and ability to cope with change: these include resignations, terminations, leave of absences, death, change in employment status and retirement The success of a business is directly linked to the performance of those who work for that business and Hunter Douglas Group is fully aware of this as it believes in the power of learning and providing its employees growth opportunities to develop their skills. Hunter Douglas Group acknowledges that its employees commitment is the key ingredient to the Groups continued growth and success. Hunter Douglas Group prides on the diversity and strength of its corporate culture that empowers its employees to build and run the business like their own businesses. The Hunter Douglas Group acts like a federation of entrepreneurial companies who think globally but act locally. The character and creativity of its 21,000 employees in 169 countries worldwide have built the dynamic and entrepreneurial company that the Group is today. With numerous benefits encouraging wellness and a work-life balance, Hunter Douglas Group regards its employees as its most valuable resource which is the key to the Groups success. Background Corporate Mission and Core Values Corporate Mission: Hunter Douglas is the worlds market leader in manufacturing a wide range of innovative and quality architectural and window covering products. Hunter Douglas provides on-time delivery, reliable and friendly service at a competitive price. Its aim is to offer fulfillment to its staff and to secure a reasonable return to its shareholders. Core Values: Customer Oriented Putting customers first Providing reliable and friendly service. Achieving on-time delivery Innovation Seeking continuous improvement and new ideas to create value to our customers Striving for creative ways of doing our work better Teamwork Working together harmoniously to achieve common goals and objectives Integrity Honouring commitments to customers, staff and organisation Being sincere and truthful Communication Showing respect and understanding for each other Being frank, open and receptive Staff Well-Being Providing continuous training and development Recognising good performance Corporate Structure Board of Directors Hunter Douglas Group has a one-tier corporate structure. Under its Charter, the Board of Directors is responsible for the overall management and control of the Company. The Board is appointed by the shareholders at the annual General Meeting. The Board has four regular meetings per year and additional meetings as required. Board members may not be members of more than five boards of public companies. Independence The Board has six Members, of whom four are independent. It acts collectively by majority resolution. Functions The Board reviews the overall strategy, financial objectives, budgets, acquisi ­tions, divestments, capital expenditures, currency and aluminium hedging, port ­folio composition and returns, results and risks in the Companys business. Audit and Compensation Committees The Board has an Audit and a Compensation Committee, whose members are independent. The Audit Committee reviews the Companys accounts, internal controls and meets wit h the Companys external Auditors twice a year. The Compensation Committee reviews the Directors and Officers compensation and stock options. Chairman, President CEO Mr. Ralph Sonnenberg is Chairman of the Board of Directors, President and Chief Executive Officer. Officers The Board annually appoints the Officers of the Company: the President, the Co-Presidents, four regionally responsible Vice Presidents, two Staff Vice Presidents and a Corporate Secretary. The Vice Presidents and Corporate Secretary report to the President. Financial Reporting In accordance with the applicable reporting principles, the consolidated financial statements give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or loss of the Group. The annual report includes a fair review of the development and performance of the business and the position of the Group, together with a description of the principal opportunities and risks associated with the expected develop ­ment of the Group. Major Business Processes A business process is a collection of structured, related tasks or activities which produce a specific product or service which serves a particular goal for customers. The main types of business processes observed in this case study report are Management Processes, Operational Processes and Supporting Processes. Management processes: processes which govern the operation of a system in an organisation. Typical management processes include Corporate Governance and Strategic Management. Corporate Governance The Hunter Douglas Group is incorporated in The Netherlands Antilles and has its statutory seat in Curaà §ao. Hunter Douglas is therefore not subject to The Netherlands Corporate Governance Code. However, Hunter Douglas adheres to good Corporate Governance. The Group has the following key internal controls: Conflicts of Interest Policy The Conflicts of Interest Policy is applicable to all key employees covering relations with customers, suppliers and other third parties. Insider Trading Policy The Insider Trading Policy, as prescribed by the Authority Financial Markets (AFM), restricts trading in the Companys shares by Directors, Officers, key employees and related persons. Internal Audit Function Hunter Douglas principal Operating Companies have an Internal Audit Program. Authority Limits Every Manager, including the Regional Vice Presidents, has clearly defined Authority Limits. Whistleblower Policy Hunter Douglas has a Whistleblower Policy in ea ch and every Company within the Group. Compensation Compensation is reviewed by the Compensation Committee of the Board. The Company also follows the best practices: Stock options Stock options are granted for five years with vesting starting after two years. Stock It is not the Companys Policy to provide stock at no cost. Loans Loans to Directors, Officers or other employees bear market interest. There is no forgiveness of principal or interest. Investor Relations Hunter Douglas has an Investor Relations Website, regularly issues press releases and holds analysts and investor meetings. Strategic Management Strategic management is a process through which organizations analyse and learn from their internal and external environments, establish strategic direction, create strategies which are intended to move the organisation in that direction and implement those strategies, all in an effort to satisfy stakeholders, as illustrated in the diagram below: External Analysis  (External Environment)  Strategic Controls          Direction Setting:  Generate, Allocate Build Develop Vision    Evaluate,   and   relationships   Control Mission   and Manage  Systems Values   Select, Resources Design   Strategies  Structures Measure and  Evaluate  performance Internal Analysis  (Internal Environment)                   Strategy Formulation Strategy Implementation and Evaluation Hunter Douglas Group has been successful over the long term because the Group has effectively acquired, develop and manage resources and capabilities that provide competitive advantage. The Group has, over the years, achieved strong brand recognition such as the HunterDouglas ® in North America and Asia as well as for Architectural Products worldwide. Luxaflex ® for residential window coverings in the rest of the world. The Hunter Douglas Group, with its 21,000 employees in 169 countries worldwide, takes advantage of its organisational strengths and environmental opportunities. It continues to neutralise or overcome organisational weaknesses and environmental threats by managing its business processes well and applies best practices. Operational processes: processes which constitute the organisations core business and create the primary value stream. Typical operational processes include Purchasin g, Manufacturing, Marketing, and Sales. As a highly decentralised organisation, each company in each region within the Hunter Douglas Group manages autonomous operations with minimum interference and maximum accountability, growing their businesses within the groups entrepreneurial environment following the corporate governance, vision, mission and values. Supporting processes: processes that support the organisations core processes. Examples in this category include Accounting, Recruitment, Technical support. Although highly decentralised, each company in each region within the Hunter Douglas Group has to follow an Internal Audit Program when it comes to financial and accounting matters. Recruitment and Human Resource matters are set in line with the business plan and strategies of each company in each region as well as in line with the directions and corporate governance, vision, mission and values of the Group. Business Strategy Porters Generic Strategies Target Scope    Advantage     Low Cost   Product Uniqueness      Broad   Cost Leadership Differentiation (Industry Wide)  Strategy  Strategy               Narrow   Focus Strategy Focus Strategy (Market Segment)  (Low Cost) (Differentiation)         Hunter Douglas Groups strategy is to grow the market and the Groups market share by continuing to introduce innovative and proprietary new products and by expanding its presence in key geographic markets. It was observed that Hunter Douglas Group has been successful in using the Differentiation Strategy by having the following internal strengths: Access to leading research and development Highly skilled and creative product development team Strong sales teams with the ability to successfully communicate the perceived strengths and benefits of the product. Corporate reputation for quality and innovation Differentiation Strategy A differentiation strategy calls for the development of a product or service that offers unique attributes that are valued by customers and that customers perceive to be better than or different from the products of the competition. The value added by the uniqueness of the product may allow the firm to charge a premium price for it. The f irm hopes that the higher price will more than cover the extra costs incurred in offering the unique product. Because of the products unique attributes, if suppliers increase their prices the firm may be able to pass along the costs to its customers who cannot find substitute products easily. The risks associated with a differentiation strategy include imitation by competitors and changes in customers tastes. Generic Strategies and Industry Forces Industry   Generic Strategies    Force Cost Leadership Differentiation Strategy Focus Strategy    Strategy       Entry Ability to cut price in Customer loyalty can Focusing develops core   Barriers retaliation deters discourage potential competencies that can act   potential entrants entrants  as an entry barrier   Buyer Ability to offer lower Large buyers have less Large buyers have less power   Power price to powerful power to negotiate to negotiate because of few   buyers because of few close alternatives     alternatives    Supplier Better insulated from Better able to pass on Suppliers have power   Power powerful suppliers supplier price increases because of low volumes,   to customers but a differentiation-focused     firm is better able to pass on     supplier price increases to       customers   Threats of Can use low price to Customers become Specialised products core   Substitutes defend against attached to differentiating competency protect   substitutes attributes, reducing against substitutes     threats of substitutes    Rivalry Better able to Brand loyalty to keep Rivals cannot meet   compete on price customers from rivals differentiation-focused       customer needs   Relationship With External Entities In order to remain successful and continue to expand its market share, Hunter Douglas Group has learned to develop and manage relationships with wide range of organisations, groups and people that have a stake in their business. The emergence of a fiercely competitive global economy means that the companies within the Hunter Douglas Group have to expand their networks of relationships in their region and cooperate with each other to remain competitive. Education Hunter Douglas Singapore team up with the National University of Singapores Department of Architecture to organise the NUS-Hunter Douglas Award for the innovative use of technology in Architecture. Hunter Douglas Group has developed multi-level training and education programs for its fabricators, retail dealers, professional designers and installers. It holds consumer seminars to help prospective buyers under ­stand the importance of window coverings for home fashions and for light control and energy effi ciency. It provides training seminars and hands-on workshops for retailers, designers and installers, which includes CD-Roms, videotapes and web-based instructions, through ­out the world. It has created the industrys first and only formal Retail Alliance Program, offering its very best dealers a choice of tiered partnership options that reward their brand loyalty with lucrative business-building benefits, including financial incentives and exclusive products and programs. Through Hunter Douglas Group exclusive partnership with Archiprix International, it builds relationships with the next generation of architects as they begin their careers after college. With Hunter Douglas Groups support, Archiprix organises a biennial international com ­petition for the best graduation projects in architecture. Finalists travel to a host city with hundreds of architects from around the world where an independent jury evaluates the student entries and recognizes the most ou tstanding work with the Hunter Douglas award. Hunter Douglas Singapore was conferred the Singapore Institute of Architects Friend of Architecture Award in recognition of the companys contribution to Architecture in Singapore and its continuous support for the Singapore Institute of Architects. Its Windows of Opportunity seminar on the use of window fashions in interior design reaches more than 2,500 design school students and designers in major United States markets each year. At the Fashions Institute of Technology in New York and other leading design schools, Hunter Douglas provides design students with industry overviews and a business perspective through teaching opportunities. At the renowned Pratt School of Architecture, Hunter Douglas has sponsored design studio projects that challenge students to envision new and novel ways to integrate its products and materials into architectural structures. Corporate Citizenship Hunter Douglas Group actively supports the com ­munities in which they live, work and do business. Decisions about which causes to support and the form that support takes are made locally by the management in each country. It provides window coverings to hospitals, research centres and healthcare facilities around the world. It supports educational opportu ­nities for the families of its staff and less privileged members of our communities. In the United States and Canada, Hunter Douglas sponsors Habitat for Humanity, donating custom window cover ­ings for the homes Hunter Douglas has built for low-income families since 1993. Hunter Douglas employees have also contributed thousands of hours in sweat equity assisting with the building of these homes at the local level. Hunter Douglas stimulates students awareness of its products and encourage their creativity through competi ­tions in which they are judged upon the innovative application of its products in their design projects. Hun ter GreenÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ and Keen on Green are important new company-wide environmental initiatives being undertaken by the Hunter Douglas branded compa ­nies to reduce energy consump ­tion, water usage and its overall carbon-footprint. It also includes an ongoing consumer marketing effort creating increased aware ­ness of Hunter Douglas corporate commit ­ment to the cause as well as the superior energy-saving benefits of its products. The Process of Human Resource Planning in the Organisation Manpower Planning Manpower planning is a process of getting the right number of qualified people into the right job at the right time. It is a system of matching the supply of people internally, who are the existing employees, and externally, potential talents to be hired or searched for, with job openings which the Group expects to have over a given time frame. This planning requires the human resource departments in the Group to prepare an inventory of skills and talents already available as well as coordinating and controlling various activities in the Hunter Douglas Group. Manpower planning involves reviewing current manpower resources, forecasting future requirements and availability as well as taking steps to ensure that the supply of people and skills meets demand. It utilises the concept of planning to visualise how the Hunter Douglas Group can go through the allocation and control of its manpower resources in a better manner. It is also a tool for higher management to equip themselves wi th the necessary data on its human resources available immediately within the Group and from outside, when the need arises to meet markets demand. Manpower Planning Model Forecast Demand        Forecast Supply      Considerations:   Internally       Product/ Service demand   Staffing tables  Economics  Balance Supply and Demand  Markov analysis  Technology     Skills inventories  Financial resources/ limitations Recruitment (Shortage)   Management inventories  Absenteeism/ turnover  Full-time   Replacement charts  Organisational growth  Part-time   Succession planning  Management philosophy  Recalls/ transfers       Overtime  Externally Techniques:   Outsourcing         Demographic changes  Trend analysis  Reductions (Surplus)   Education of workforce  Managerial estimate  Terminations   Labour mobility  Delphi technique   Layoffs   Government policies      Leave without pay   Unemployment rate  Outplacement     Demotions   Retirement      Factors Economic             Competition         Government action  Organisational  Divisional  Skills and   Historical Data Objectives Department abilities   Nature of company Objectives required       Skills   Inventory             Net human resource Types, numbers,      requirements  Human Resources   Negative: Layoff, terminations, resignations, retirement Manpower planning, as observed in the Hunter Douglas Group, consists of the following steps: Identify the Groups objectives and strategies which are stipulated in the business plan and from the strategic planning processes of the companies within the Group. Determine the impact of the organisations objectives on specific organisational units. For this purpose the cascade approach can be used, whereby the organisations long term strategies are translated into the shorter term performance objectives and time schedules per division and department. Define the skills, expertise and total number of employees (demand for human resources) required to achieve the organisation and department objectives by using the different statistical methods and managerial estimates. Perform an analysis of the Groups current human resources. By doing a skills inventory will shed light on the number of current employees in terms of their different competencies, skills, training levels, qualifications, work experience, etc. Determine the additional (net) human resource requirements in light of the Groups current human resources. Develop action plans to meet the anticipated human resource needs which may include a comprehensive succession plan for each department, resultant recruitment strategies, the design and implementation of managerial development and other training programs, making available bursary schemes for current participants who may eventually fill scarce positions, designing compensation packages to attract and retain quality staff. The key activities of Human Resource Management carried out by both line managers and the Human Resource practitioners in the Hunter Douglas Group are: Organisation Organisation structuring: developing an organisation which caters for all the activities required, groups them together in a way which encourages integration and cooperation. Job design and role specification: deciding on the contents of the jobs which involve the employees duties and responsibilities and the relationships that exist between job holders and other employees within the Hunter Douglas Group. Organisational development: stimulating, planning and implementing programmes designed to improve the effectiveness with which the organisation functions and adapts to change. The employment relationship Improving the quality of the employment relationship Creating a climate of trust and self propulsion Developing a more positive psychological contract Achieving a highly committed organisation Resourcing Human resource planning: assessing future people requirements in terms of both numbers and all levels of skill and competence. Formulating and implementing plans to meet those requirements through recruitment, training, development, etc. Recruitment and selection: obtaining the number and type of people the organisation needs Perfo rmance management Getting better results from the companies, teams and individuals by measuring and managing performance within agreed frameworks of objectives and competence requirements; assessing and improving performance. Human resource development Organisational and individual learning Skill improvement through systematic approach to training Reward management Job evaluation: assessing the relative size of jobs as a basis of determining internal relativities Pay: developing and administering pay structures and systems Non-financial rewards: providing employees with non-financial rewards e.g. recognition, increased responsibility and opportunity to achieve and grow. Employee benefits: providing benefits in addition to pay which cater for personnel security and personal needs Employee relations Employee relations involving managing and maintaining formal and informal relationships with trade unions and their members Employee involvement and par ticipation which means sharing information with employee and consulting them on matters of mutual interest Communication: creating and transmitting information of interest to employees. Health, safety and employee services Health and safety: developing and administering health and safety programme Employee services: providing welfare services and helping with personal problems. Corporate Objectives The Hunter Douglas Groups objectives are to: Expand its Window Coverings and Architectural Products businesses at a growth rate exceeding that of the market while continuing to be the best company in the industry; Develop and introduce innovative new products; Seek acquisitions that add to the Companys organic growth by expanding product lines or distribution and that meet its return targets; Continue with an efficient decentral ­ised entrepreneurial organisation based on the principle of maximum accountability with minimum interference. Manpower Objectives The objective of manpower planning is to maintain and improve the organisations ability to achieve its goal by developing strategies that will contribute its optimum contribution of human resources. Manpower planning is the responsibility of both line and staff manager. The line management is responsible to give estimate of manpower requirements and staff manager is responsible to take actions on selection and recruitment in association with line manager who needs the manpower. Manpower planning in Hunter Douglas Group serves the following inter-related purposes or objectives: It prepares the organisation for the future in terms of planning its manpower requirement and utilising them properly in order to meet the impact of rapid technical and economic changes and maintain its competitive position. It gives a picture of manpower available within the organisation to undertake any future expansion or set up a new branch or a new plant or develop a new line of production. It a llows for forward planning to fill anticipated skill requirements as well as allows for needed flexibility in day-to-day utilisation of manpower. It allows for adapting to abrupt changes in such factory as technological advances, new markets, political and economic pressures and heightened competition. In other words, manpower planning provides the background information which is necessary to deal with such forces. Another important objective is one of matching or fitting employee abilities to the business requirements with an emphasis on future instead of present arrangements. The ultimate mission is to relate future human resources to future business needs so as to maximize the future return on investment in human resources. Comprehensive manpower objectives play a vital role in the achievement of the organisations overall strategic objectives and visibly illustrates that the human resources department fully understands and supports the direction in which the organisation is moving. It will also support other specific strategic objectives undertaken by the marketing, financial, operational and technology departments. The manpower objectives aim to capture the people element of what the organisation is hoping to achieve in the medium to long term, ensuring the following: it has the right people in place it has the right mix of skills employees display the right attitudes and behaviours employees are developed in the right way. The manpower objectives also put into consideration the followings: workforce planning issues succession planning workforce skills plans employment equity plans black economic empowerment initiatives motivation and fair treatment issues pay levels designed to recruit, retain and motivate people the coordination of approaches to pay and grading across the organisation to create alignment and potential unequal pay claims a grading and remuneration system which is seen as fair and giving p roper reward for contributions made wider employment issues which impact on staff recruitment, retention, motivation etc. a consistent performance management framework which is designed to meet the needs of all sectors of the organisation including its people career development frameworks which look at development within the organisation at equipping employees with employability so that they can cope with increasingly frequent changes in employer and employment patterns policies and frameworks to ensure that people development issues are addressed systematically, such as competence frameworks, self-managed learning etc. The manpower objectives show that careful planning of the people issues will make it substantially easier for the organisation to achieve its wider strategic and operational goals. In addition, manpower objectives add value by ensuring that, in all its other plans, the organisation takes account of and plans for changes in the wider environment whic h are likely to have a major impact on the organisation such as: changes in the overall employment market demographic or remuneration levels cultural changes which will impact on future employment patterns changes in the employee relations climate changes in the legal framework surrounding employment HR and employment practice being developed in other companies, such as new flexible work practices. Analysis of the Present Utilisation of Manpower The penalties for not being correctly staffed are costly. Understaffing loses the business economies of scale and specialization, orders, customers and profits. Overstaffing is wasteful and expensive, if sustained, and it is costly to eliminate because of modern legislation in respect of redundancy payments, consultation, minimum periods of notice, etc. Very importantly, overstaffing reduces the competitive efficiency of the business. Planning manpower levels requires that an assessment of present and future needs of the organisation be compared with present resources and future prediction of resources. Appropriate steps then be planned to bring demand and supply into balance. An internal supply analysis is done with the following methods or analysis: Staffing tables/manning charts: which are pictorial representations of all organisational jobs along with the numbers of employees currently occupying those jobs and future employment requirements Markov analysis: sh ows the percentage (and actual number) of employees who remain in each job from one year to the next, thus keeping track of the pattern of employee movements through various jobs. This analysis results in a composite matrix of supply. Skill inventories: list each employees education, past work experiences, etc. Replacement chart: helps the management derive the profile of job holders, department-wise and reveals those who could be used as replacements whenever the need arises. Analysis of the External Environment The Hunter Douglas Groups performance and results are sensitive to external factors of which the following are most influential: Overall economic activity and particularly consumer confidence which affects demand for consumer durables Prices for raw materials in particular, which include aluminium, steel, fabric, synthetics and other oil based products Exchange rates: The majority of the Companys sales and profits are real ­ised outside the Euro zone. Euro rates against the dollar and other currencies can therefore affect the Companys results. Hunter Douglas policy is to generally hedge transactional expo ­sures, to selectively hedge translation of earnings and generally not to hedge balance sheet exposures. Potential Supply of Labour Future manpower planning is directly linked to the strategic business plans of an organisation. The estimation on manpower and budgets are governed by customers demands. Business needs are achieved from effective management of materials, machines, money and manpower. Manpower needs, if planned properly, in terms of profile required, numbers, time and place, will give the company mileage over competitors in terms of consistency in output. Effective human resources planning give optimal productivity in terms of timelines and quality of deliverables. It will not only improve people competency but will also ensure that people grow with the company. An organisation set on the growth path needs competent people to achieve its objectives. Causes of demand for Human Resources in the Future External    Organisational  Workforce       Economic developments   Strategic plans  Retirement  Social-political-legal challenges  Budgets  Resignations  Technological changes   Sales and production forecasts  Terminations  Competitors   New ventures  Deaths    Organisational and job designs  Leaves of absence                  What future demands will be is influenced by the forecast of the human resource or personnel manager whose main task is to scrutinize and modify the predictions of other managers. Future manpower needs derive from: Sales and production forecasts The effects of technological change on task needs Variations in the efficiency, productivity, flexibility of labor as a result of training, work study, organizational change, new motivations, etc. Changes in employment practices (examples include the use of subcontractors or agency staffs, hiving-off tasks, buying in, substitution, etc.) Variations, which respond to new legislation, e.g. payroll taxes or their abolition, new health and safety requirements Changes in Government policies (investment incentives, regional or trade grants, etc.) The management must estimate the structure of the organisation at a given point of time. The number and type of employees needed have to be determined. Many environmental factors aff ect this determination. They include business forecasts, expansion, growth, design, structural changes, management philosophy, government policy, product and human mix and competition Forecasting is necessary for the following reasons: The eventualities and contingencies of general economic business cycles (such as inflation, wages, prices, costs and raw material supplies) have an influence on the short range and long run plans of all organizations. An expansion following enlargement and growth in business involves the use of additional machineries and personnel and a reallocation of facilities, all of which call for advance planning of human resources. Changes in management, philosophies and leadership styles. The use of mechanical technology makes it necessary for changes in the skills of workers as well as a change in the number of employees needed. After estimating what future organization structure should be, the next step is to draw up the requirements of man power, both for existing and new vacancies. For this requirement, details should be obtained from various departments. Vacancies occurring in any department should be notified in writing to the personnel department, stating clearly the number of vacancies to be filled category or job wise, their qualification and experience and the reasons for acquisition. A statement of duties, type of jobs, pay scale and previous experience should also be made. In determining the requirements of manpower, the expected losses which are likely to occur through labor turnover, such as quits, retirement, death, transfers, promotions, demotions, dismissals. Disability, resignations, lay-offs, and other separations should be taken into account. Additional resources are gained through new employment of personnel, promotions, transfers etc. After making all adjustments, the real shortages and surplus may be found. If there is a shortage, efforts are made to fill up the vacancies. If there is surplus , then deal with it by transfers, retrenchments etc. Conclusion To be effective, manpower planning requires careful assessment of the future needs of the Hunter Douglas Group. It involves the development of strategies to match the requirement of employees and availability of positions at a regional as well as a national level. Those in charge of manpower planning within the Group need to have a foresight about the business plans. They need to plan the activities for achieving business growth, estimate the business needs of the organisation and plan for the resources needed to realise the business goals. Manpower planning is referred to as the process of reviewing current resources, predicting future requirements and ensuring that the demand and supply of people and skills is balanced. Manpower planning is useful for both the employees as well as the organisation. The manpower planning process demands the human resource manager to first understand the business requirement. Only when the human resource manager comprehends the nature and scope of the business, will he or she be able to employ those who will deliver the required performance. When it comes to engaging the manpower, the manager should have a keen eye for spotting the talent. It ensures that the workforce is competent enough the meet the targets. Additionally, the existing talent pool in the workplace should be taken into consideration, so that people with the supporting and right skills can be employed. The functions of the human resource manager varied as he or she has to assess the currently employed workforce and their shortcomings. Identifying these shortcomings goes a long way in choosing an efficient workforce. While recruiting the new employees, the human resource manager must calculate the expected workload. In this way, the human resource department can design an accurate job profile and job expectations. Once decided on the job descriptions, looking for candidates who fit the job will be easy. A good human resource manager is one who has the zeal and passion to motivate his or her prospective employees to perform to their potential. Manpower planning process, thus, can be considered as one of the strategic steps for building the strong foundation of an efficient workforce in the hunter Douglas Group or in any organisation.